Selected publications

• Raquel Caballero, Victor Condé, Máximo León

SnS thin films grown by sulfurization of evaporated Sn layers: Effect of sulfurization temperature and pressure

Thin Solid Films 2016, 612, 202-207.

• David Palma-Lafuente, Pablo Diez-Silva, Victoria Rotaru, Tariq Jawhari, Tobias Bertram, Pablo Reyes-Figueroa, Maxim Guc, José Manuel Merino, Raquel Caballero

Sulfurization of co-evaporated Cu2ZnGeSe4 layers: Influence of the precursor cation’s ratios on the properties of Cu2ZnGe (S, Se) 4 thin films

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2023, 254, 112243.

• Elena Hajdeu-Chicarosh, Sergiu Levcenko, Rosalia Serna, Ivan V Bodnar, Ivan A Victorov, Oxana Iaseniuc, Raquel Caballero, José Manuel Merino, Ernest Arushanov, Máximo León

Spectroscopic ellipsometry study of Cu2Zn (GexSi1-x) Se4 bulk poly-crystals

Solid State Sciences 2022, 132, 106982

• Andrea Ruiz-Perona, Galina Gurieva, Michael Sun, Tim Kodalle, Yudania Sánchez, Maarja Grossberg, José Manuel Merino, Susan Schorr, Máximo León, Raquel Caballero

Routes to develop a [S]/([S]+[Se]) gradient in wide band-gap Cu2ZnGe (S, Se) 4 thin-film solar cells

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2021, 868, 159253.

• Andrea Ruiz-Perona, Yudania Sánchez, Maxim Guc, Tim Kodalle, Marcel Placidi, José Manuel Merino, Fátima Cabello, Marina García-Pardo, Máximo León, Raquel Caballero

The effect of annealing temperature on Cu2ZnGeSe4 thin films and solar cells grown on transparent substrates

Journal of Physics: Materials 2021, 4, 034009.

• Andrea Ruiz-Perona, Yudania Sánchez, Maxim Guc, Samira Khelifi, Tim Kodalle, Marcel Placidi, José Manuel Merino, Máximo León, Raquel Caballero

Effect of Na and the back contact on Cu2Zn (Sn, Ge) Se4 thin-film solar cells: Towards semi-transparent solar cells

Solar Energy 2020, 206, 555-563.

• IS Babichuk, MO Semenenko, R Caballero, OI Datsenko, S Golovynskyi, Ran Qiu, Chun Huang, Rui Hu, IV Babichuk, RR Ziniuk, M Stetsenko, OA Kapush, Jian Yang, Baikui Li, Junle Qu, M Leon

Raman mapping of MoS2 at Cu2ZnSnS4/Mo interface in thin film

Solar Energy 2020, 205, 154-160.

• IS Babichuk, MO Semenenko, S Golovynskyi, R Caballero, OI Datsenko, IV Babichuk, Ji Li, Guiwen Xu, Ran Qiu, Chun Huang, Rui Hu, I Golovynska, V Ganus, Baikui Li, Junle Qu, M Leon

Control of secondary phases and disorder degree in Cu2ZnSnS4 films by sulfurization at varied subatmospheric pressures

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2019, 200, 109915.

• Thomas Ratz, Guy Brammertz, Raquel Caballero, Maximo León, Stella Canulescu, Jorgen Schou, L Gütay, D Pareek, T Taskesen, Dae-Hwan Kim, Jin-Kyu Kang, C Malerba, Alex Redinger, E Saucedo, Byungha Shin, H Tampo, K Timmo, ND Nguyen, B Vermang

Physical routes for the synthesis of kesterite

Journal of Physics: Energy 2019,1, 042003.

• Raquel Caballero, Stefan G Haass, C Andres, Laia Arques, Florian Oliva, Victor Izquierdo-Roca, Yaroslav Romanyuk

Effect of Magnesium incorporation on solution-processed kesterite solar cells

Frontiers in Chemistry 2018, 6, 1-9.

• Christian Andres, Torsten Schwarz, Stefan G Haass, Thomas Paul Weiss, Romain Carron, Raquel Caballero, Renato Figi, Claudia Schreiner, Melanie Bürki, Ayodhya Nath Tiwari, Yaroslav E Romanyuk

Decoupling of optoelectronic properties from morphological changes in sodium treated kesterite thin film solar cells

Solar Energy 2018, 175, 94-100.

• Sergiu Levcenko, Elena Hajdeu-Chicarosh, Elena Garcia-Llamas, Raquel Caballero, Rosalía Serna, Ivan V Bodnar, Ivan A Victorov, Maxim Guc, José Manuel Merino, Alejandro Perez-Rodriguez, Ernest Arushanov, Máximo León

Spectroscopic ellipsometry study of Cu2ZnSnS4 bulk poly-crystals

Applied Physics Letters 2018, 112, 161901.

• E Garcia-Llamas, JM Merino, R Gunder, K Neldner, D Greiner, A Steigert, S Giraldo, V Izquierdo-Roca, E Saucedo, M León, S Schorr, Raquel Caballero

Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells grown by fast thermal evaporation and thermal treatment

Solar Energy 2017, 141, 236-241.

• Eduard Garcia-Llamas, José Manuel Merino, Rosalía Serna, X Fontané, Ivan A Victorov, Alejandro Pérez-Rodríguez, Máximo León, Ivan V Bodnar, Victor Izquierdo-Roca, Raquel Caballero

Wide band-gap tuning Cu2ZnSn1− xGexS4 single crystals: optical and vibrational properties

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2016, 158, 147-153.

• Simón López-Marino, Moises Espíndola-Rodríguez, Y Sánchez, X Alcobé, Florian Oliva, Haibing Xie, Markus Neuschitzer, S Giraldo, Marcel Placidi, Raquel Caballero, Victor Izquierdo-Roca, Alejandro Pérez-Rodríguez, Edgardo Saucedo

The importance of back contact modification in Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells: The role of a thin MoO2 layer

Nano Energy 2016, 26, 708-721.

• R Caballero, I Victorov, R Serna, JM Cano-Torres, C Maffiotte, E Garcia-Llamas, JM Merino, M Valakh, I Bodnar, M León

Band-gap engineering of Cu2ZnSn1-x GexS4 single crystals and influence of the surface properties

Acta Materialia 2014, 79, 181-187.

• Máximo León, Sergiu Levcenko, Rosalía Serna, Ivan V Bodnar, Alexander Nateprov, Maxim Guc, Galina Gurieva, Nair López, José Manuel Merino, Raquel Caballero, S Schorr, Alejandro Perez-Rodriguez, Ernest Arushanov

Spectroscopic ellipsometry study of Cu2ZnSnSe4 bulk crystals

Applied Physics Letters 2014, 105, 061909.

• Raquel Caballero, E Garcia-Llamas, JM Merino, M León, I Babichuk, V Dzhagan, V Strelchuk, M Valakh

Non-stoichiometry effect and disorder in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films obtained by flash evaporation: Raman scattering investigation

Acta Materialia 2014, 65, 412-417.

• Harry Mönig, David Lockhorn, Nabi Aghdassi, Alexander Timmer, Christian A Kaufmann, Raquel Caballero, Helmut Zacharias, Harald Fuchs

Heat Induced Passivation of CuInSe₂ Surfaces: A Strategy to Optimize the Efficiency of Chalcopyrite Thin Film Solar Cells?

Advanced Materials Interfaces 2014, 1, 1300040.

• H Rodriguez-Alvarez, R Mainz, R Caballero, D Abou-Ras, M Klaus, S Gledhill, A Weber, CA Kaufmann, H-W Schock

Real-time study of Ga diffusion processes during the formation of Cu (In, Ga) Se2: The role of Cu and Na content

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2013, 116, 102-109.

• R Caballero, CA Kaufmann, V Efimova, T Rissom, V Hoffmann, HW Schock

Investigation of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ thin‐film formation during the multi‐stage co‐evaporation process

Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2013, 21, 30-46.

• Tobias Eisenbarth, Raquel Caballero, Christian A Kaufmann, Axel Eicke, Thomas Unold

Influence of iron on defect concentrations and device performance for Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ solar cells on stainless steel substrates

Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2012, 20, 568-574.

• Daniel Abou-Ras, Bernhard Schaffer, Miroslava Schaffer, Sebastian S Schmidt, Raquel Caballero, Thomas Unold

Direct insight into grain boundary reconstruction in polycrystalline Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 with atomic resolution

Physical Review Letters 2012, 108, 075502.

• Raquel Caballero, Christian A Kaufmann, Tobias Eisenbarth, Thomas Unold, Reiner Klenk, Hans‐Werner Schock

High efficiency low temperature grown Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ thin film solar cells on flexible substrates using NaF precursor layers

Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 2011, 19, 547-551.

• Raquel Caballero, Víctor Izquierdo-Roca, Xavier Fontané, Christian A Kaufmann, J Álvarez-García, Axel Eicke, Lorenzo Calvo-Barrio, Alejandro Pérez-Rodríguez, Hans-Werner Schock, Joan Ramón Morante

Cu deficiency in multi-stage co-evaporated Cu (In, Ga) Se2 for solar cells applications: Microstructure and Ga in-depth alloying

Acta Materialia 2010, 58, 3468-3476.

• R Caballero, CA Kaufmann, T Eisenbarth, A Grimm, I Lauermann, T Unold, R Klenk, HW Schock

Influence of Na on Cu (In, Ga) Se2 solar cells grown on polyimide substrates at low temperature: Impact on the Cu (In, Ga)Se2/Mo interface

Applied Physics Letters 2010, 96, 092104.

• CA Kaufmann, R Caballero, T Unold, R Hesse, R Klenk, S Schorr, M Nichterwitz, H-W Schock

Depth profiling of Cu (In, Ga) Se2 thin films grown at low temperatures

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2009, 93, 859-863.

• R Caballero, CA Kaufmann, T Eisenbarth, M Cancela, R Hesse, T Unold, A Eicke, R Klenk, HW Schock

The influence of Na on low temperature growth of CIGS thin film solar cells on polyimide substrates

Thin Solid Films 2009, 517, 2187-2190.